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CHLORINE
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
A common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)
Synonyms:
atomic number 17; chlorine; Cl
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("chlorine" is a kind of...):
chemical element; element (any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter)
gas (a fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume and being able to expand indefinitely)
halogen (any of five related nonmetallic elements (fluorine or chlorine or bromine or iodine or astatine) that are all monovalent and readily form negative ions)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "chlorine"):
radiochlorine (a radioactive isotope of chlorine)
Holonyms ("chlorine" is a substance of...):
common salt; sodium chloride (a white crystalline solid consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl))
Derivation:
chlorinate (disinfect with chlorine)
chlorinate (treat or combine with chlorine)
Context examples:
Chlorinated paraffins, with chain lengths of C12 and chlorine contents of 60%, are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals.
(Chlorinated Paraffin, NCI Thesaurus)
A sterilization process that uses chlorine dioxide at ambient temperatures to kill microorganisms.
(Chlorine Dioxide Sterilization, NCI Thesaurus)
Many hazardous chemicals are used in industry - for example, chlorine, ammonia, and benzene.
(Chemical Emergencies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
The astronomers also compared the relative amounts of Freon-40 that contain different isotopes of chlorine in the infant star system and the comet — and found similar abundances.
(ALMA and Rosetta Detect Freon-40 in Space, ESO)
The researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore used chlorine to drill ultra-small holes into the surface of titanium to produce ‘nanopillars’ that mechanically stretch and rupture bacterial membranes.
(Nanopillars help orthopaedic implants resist infection, SciDev.Net)
When heated to decomposition, chlordane emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, and phosgene.
(Chlordane, NCI Thesaurus)
A blistering agent primarily containing sulfur and chlorine groups that alkylates DNA to form DNA crosslinks, causing inhibition of DNA synthesis.
(Mustard Agent, NCI Thesaurus)
A cyclic compound in which at least one hydrogen is replaced by a halogen (chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, astatine) and exposure to this compound can increase the risk human cancer.
(Halogenated Ring Carcinogen, NCI Thesaurus)
A chlorine anion that forms the negatively charged part of certain salts, including sodium and hydrogen chloride salts, and is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells.
(Chloride Ion, NCI Thesaurus)
First detected in the 1980s, the Antarctic ozone hole forms during the Southern Hemisphere’s late winter as the returning sun’s rays accelerate reactions involving man-made forms of chlorine and bromine, like chlorofluorocarbons, that concentrate over Antarctica during winter.
(Warmth in the Antarctic stratosphere helped limit the size of the ozone hole in 2017 to the smallest observed since 1988, NOAA)
