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Poly(ADP Ribose) Polymerase
Definition 1
The human protein poly(ADP ribose) polymerase protein (1013aa, ~113 kDa) is encoded by the PARP1 gene (PARP1). Poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a cytosolic protein, and when activated is cleaved into two fragments of 89kd and 24kd. The enzyme modifies various nuclear proteins by poly ADP-ribosylation. The protein is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, tumor transformation, and recovery from DNA damage. Its inhibition has been studied in cancerous cells and degenerative diseases to demonstrate how apoptosis can be inhibited when the PARP is inactive or absent. (NCI Thesaurus)
Definition 2
An enzyme involved in many functions of the cell, including the repair of DNA damage. DNA damage may be caused by normal cell actions, UV light, some anticancer drugs, and radiation used to treat cancer. Inhibitors of PARP-1 are being studied in the treatment of cancer. (NCI Dictionary)
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