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An instrument used to widen an opening of the body to make it easier to look inside.

An array of entities, such as light waves or particles, ordered in accordance with the magnitudes of a common physical property, such…

Circular dichroism (CD), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD). Linearly polarized light can be thought of as a combination of right and left-handed…

The study of the amount of light that is taken up, given off, or scattered (reflected) by an object. Spectroscopy breaks down…

A photometer that measures the intensity of light as a function of wavelength.

A class of analytical techniques used to measure certain physical properties such as energy, mass and wavelength via the dispersion of radiant…