Weather / India Weather Temperature |
Weather Forecast for Puthuppadi (Kerala, India)
Forecast Overview
Wed May 8 97°F 70°F 36°C 21°C Chance of heavy rain in the afternoon and in the evening.
detailsThu May 9 95°F 70°F 35°C 21°C Partly cloudy skies.
detailsFri May 10 91°F 73°F 33°C 23°C Chance of rain after 5:30 pm.
detailsSat May 11 95°F 73°F 35°C 23°C Chance of heavy rain in the afternoon.
detailsSun May 12 93°F 72°F 34°C 22°C Chance of rain in the afternoon and in the evening.
detailsMon May 13 90°F 73°F 32°C 23°C Chance of rain in the morning and in the afternoon.
detailsTue May 14 93°F 72°F 34°C 22°C Chance of rain after 11:30 am.
detailsWed May 15 86°F 73°F 30°C 23°C Chance of rain before sunrise and late at night.
detailsThu May 16 91°F 72°F 33°C 22°C Chance of rain after 11:30 am.
detailsFri May 17 84°F 72°F 29°C 22°C Chance of rain in the morning.
detailsSat May 18 88°F 72°F 31°C 22°C Chance of rain in the afternoon.
detailsSun May 19 86°F 72°F 30°C 22°C Chance of rain in the morning.
detailsMon May 20 91°F 72°F 33°C 22°C Chance of rain after 5:30 pm.
detailsTue May 21 91°F 72°F 33°C 22°C Chance of rain after 5:30 pm.
details
Detailed Forecast
Tuesday, May 7 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:05 sunset: 18:40 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
17:30 20:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.24 in (6.1875 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 93% | 0.177% | |
20:30 23:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 74°F (24°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 96% | 0.176% |
Wednesday, May 8 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:04 sunset: 18:40 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Partly cloudy. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 0 mph (1 km/h) | 93% | 0.174% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 93% | 0.173% | |
05:30 08:30 | A few passing clouds. | 82°F (28°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 71% | 0.172% | |
08:30 11:30 | Mostly cloudy. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 95°F (35°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 42% | 0.167% | |
11:30 14:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.75 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 68% | 0.168% | |
14:30 17:30 | Chance of scattered, heavy rain showers. Precipitation: 0.6 in (15.3125 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 96% | 0.27% | |
17:30 20:30 | Chance of heavy rain. Precipitation: 0.47 in (11.9375 mm). | 71°F (22°C) | 6 mph (9 km/h) | 93% | 0.28% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. | 71°F (22°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 91% | 0.263% |
Thursday, May 9 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:04 sunset: 18:40 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. | 71°F (22°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 89% | 0.252% | |
02:30 05:30 | Mostly cloudy. | 70°F (21°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 88% | 0.247% | |
05:30 08:30 | More sun than clouds. | 82°F (28°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 62% | 0.243% | |
08:30 11:30 | More sun than clouds. | 91°F (33°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 45% | 0.234% | |
11:30 14:30 | Times of sun and clouds. | 93°F (34°C) | 6 mph (10 km/h) | 44% | 0.224% | |
14:30 17:30 | Mostly sunny, with a few passing clouds. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.5625 mm). | 83°F (29°C) | 6 mph (9 km/h) | 69% | 0.216% | |
17:30 20:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.14 in (3.5625 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 92% | 0.234% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 74°F (24°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 94% | 0.231% |
Friday, May 10 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:04 sunset: 18:40 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 94% | 0.229% | |
02:30 05:30 | Mostly cloudy. | 74°F (23°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 93% | 0.227% | |
05:30 08:30 | Overcast. | 78°F (26°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 82% | 0.227% | |
08:30 11:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.4375 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 3 mph (4 km/h) | 60% | 0.221% | |
11:30 14:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.75 mm). | 89°F (32°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 57% | 0.218% | |
14:30 17:30 | More clouds than sun. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1.0625 mm). | 78°F (26°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 88% | 0.222% | |
17:30 20:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.14 in (3.625 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 95% | 0.237% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.5 mm). | 74°F (24°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 93% | 0.232% |
Saturday, May 11 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:04 sunset: 18:41 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 92% | 0.23% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. | 73°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 91% | 0.23% | |
05:30 08:30 | Overcast. | 81°F (27°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 72% | 0.225% | |
08:30 11:30 | Sunny. | 92°F (33°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 46% | 0.219% | |
11:30 14:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 89°F (31°C) | 6 mph (10 km/h) | 54% | 0.211% | |
14:30 17:30 | Chance of scattered, heavy rain showers. Precipitation: 0.43 in (10.875 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 94% | 0.303% | |
17:30 20:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.16 in (4.1875 mm). | 74°F (24°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 97% | 0.291% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.625 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 95% | 0.282% |
Sunday, May 12 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:03 sunset: 18:41 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. | 73°F (23°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 95% | 0.274% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. | 71°F (22°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 97% | 0.27% | |
05:30 08:30 | Mostly sunny, with a few passing clouds. | 79°F (26°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 76% | 0.264% | |
08:30 11:30 | A few passing clouds. | 90°F (32°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 50% | 0.255% | |
11:30 14:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.5 mm). | 86°F (30°C) | 5 mph (9 km/h) | 63% | 0.247% | |
14:30 17:30 | Mostly sunny, with a few passing clouds. Precipitation: 0.14 in (3.625 mm). | 80°F (27°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 86% | 0.271% | |
17:30 20:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.1 in (2.5625 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 97% | 0.273% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.17 in (4.4375 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 97% | 0.312% |
Monday, May 13 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:03 sunset: 18:41 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 98% | 0.295% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. | 73°F (23°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 97% | 0.283% | |
05:30 08:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 77°F (25°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 88% | 0.277% | |
08:30 11:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.04 in (0.9375 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 70% | 0.275% | |
11:30 14:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.1 in (2.4375 mm). | 85°F (29°C) | 3 mph (4 km/h) | 69% | 0.278% | |
14:30 17:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.07 in (1.875 mm). | 78°F (25°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 93% | 0.281% | |
17:30 20:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.07 in (1.75 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 97% | 0.286% | |
20:30 23:30 | Partly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.1875 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 97% | 0.286% |
Tuesday, May 14 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:03 sunset: 18:41 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Partly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.6875 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 99% | 0.283% | |
02:30 05:30 | Clear. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 3 mph (4 km/h) | 98% | 0.277% | |
05:30 08:30 | Sunny. | 80°F (26°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 81% | 0.273% | |
08:30 11:30 | Overcast. | 92°F (33°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 48% | 0.263% | |
11:30 14:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.1 in (2.5 mm). | 83°F (28°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 77% | 0.28% | |
14:30 17:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.13 in (3.3125 mm). | 80°F (27°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 88% | 0.283% | |
17:30 20:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.375 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 97% | 0.28% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.07 in (1.875 mm). | 74°F (24°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 98% | 0.286% |
Wednesday, May 15 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:03 sunset: 18:42 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.04 in (0.9375 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 0 mph (1 km/h) | 98% | 0.28% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.1875 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 96% | 0.275% | |
05:30 08:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 79°F (26°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 81% | 0.272% | |
08:30 11:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 85°F (30°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 61% | 0.266% | |
11:30 14:30 | Overcast. | 84°F (29°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 66% | 0.258% | |
14:30 17:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 78°F (26°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 86% | 0.257% | |
17:30 20:30 | Mostly cloudy. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 94% | 0.256% | |
20:30 23:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.6875 mm). | 74°F (24°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 95% | 0.26% |
Thursday, May 16 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:02 sunset: 18:42 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.8125 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 94% | 0.265% | |
02:30 05:30 | A few passing clouds. | 73°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 93% | 0.26% | |
05:30 08:30 | More sun than clouds. | 81°F (27°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 74% | 0.257% | |
08:30 11:30 | Partly cloudy. | 90°F (32°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 52% | 0.25% | |
11:30 14:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.08 in (1.9375 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 5 mph (9 km/h) | 75% | 0.253% | |
14:30 17:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.11 in (2.875 mm). | 79°F (26°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 89% | 0.262% | |
17:30 20:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.2 in (5 mm). | 74°F (24°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 97% | 0.301% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.31 in (7.75 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 0 mph (1 km/h) | 97% | 0.322% |
Friday, May 17 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:02 sunset: 18:42 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.17 in (4.3125 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 97% | 0.326% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.1875 mm). | 72°F (22°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 97% | 0.308% | |
05:30 08:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.75 mm). | 77°F (25°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 86% | 0.302% | |
08:30 11:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 84°F (29°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 64% | 0.291% | |
11:30 14:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 83°F (28°C) | 5 mph (7 km/h) | 69% | 0.284% | |
14:30 17:30 | Overcast. | 79°F (26°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 82% | 0.279% | |
17:30 20:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 94% | 0.28% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 95% | 0.279% |
Saturday, May 18 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:02 sunset: 18:42 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 72°F (22°C) | 0 mph (0 km/h) | 97% | 0.278% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. | 73°F (23°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 93% | 0.275% | |
05:30 08:30 | Overcast. | 79°F (26°C) | 3 mph (4 km/h) | 76% | 0.273% | |
08:30 11:30 | Overcast. | 87°F (30°C) | 5 mph (7 km/h) | 56% | 0.265% | |
11:30 14:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.3125 mm). | 82°F (28°C) | 4 mph (7 km/h) | 71% | 0.259% | |
14:30 17:30 | Chance of scattered rain showers. Precipitation: 0.05 in (1.3125 mm). | 78°F (26°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 87% | 0.261% | |
17:30 20:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.09 in (2.1875 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 96% | 0.277% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.1875 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 0 mph (1 km/h) | 98% | 0.274% |
Sunday, May 19 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:02 sunset: 18:42 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Mostly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1.0625 mm). | 72°F (22°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 97% | 0.281% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. | 71°F (22°C) | 1 mph (1 km/h) | 96% | 0.278% | |
05:30 08:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0 in (0.0625 mm). | 77°F (25°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 87% | 0.271% | |
08:30 11:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.3125 mm). | 85°F (29°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 64% | 0.268% | |
11:30 14:30 | More clouds than sun. Precipitation: 0.07 in (1.6875 mm). | 81°F (27°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 79% | 0.271% | |
14:30 17:30 | A few passing clouds. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1 mm). | 80°F (27°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 80% | 0.274% | |
17:30 20:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.8125 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 94% | 0.273% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.375 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 95% | 0.271% |
Monday, May 20 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:02 sunset: 18:43 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Partly cloudy. Precipitation: 0.01 in (0.25 mm). | 72°F (22°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 94% | 0.269% | |
02:30 05:30 | Clear. | 72°F (22°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 93% | 0.268% | |
05:30 08:30 | More sun than clouds. | 79°F (26°C) | 2 mph (4 km/h) | 76% | 0.263% | |
08:30 11:30 | Mostly sunny, with a few passing clouds. | 89°F (32°C) | 4 mph (6 km/h) | 54% | 0.259% | |
11:30 14:30 | Considerable cloudiness. | 86°F (30°C) | 5 mph (7 km/h) | 62% | 0.25% | |
14:30 17:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.04 in (1.0625 mm). | 81°F (27°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 84% | 0.254% | |
17:30 20:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.02 in (0.5625 mm). | 77°F (25°C) | 3 mph (4 km/h) | 95% | 0.256% | |
20:30 23:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.15 in (3.6875 mm). | 75°F (24°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 97% | 0.277% |
Tuesday, May 21 | Puthuppadi (Kerala) sunrise: 06:01 sunset: 18:43 |
Time | Skies | Conditions | Temp | Wind | Humidity | Soil Moisture |
23:30 02:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.16 in (4 mm). | 74°F (23°C) | 2 mph (3 km/h) | 96% | 0.288% | |
02:30 05:30 | Overcast. Precipitation: 0.06 in (1.5625 mm). | 73°F (23°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 97% | 0.29% | |
05:30 08:30 | Overcast. | 76°F (25°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 90% | 0.283% | |
08:30 11:30 | Sunny. | 88°F (31°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 60% | 0.274% | |
11:30 14:30 | Mostly sunny. | 90°F (32°C) | 5 mph (9 km/h) | 52% | 0.263% | |
14:30 17:30 | Mostly cloudy. | 84°F (29°C) | 5 mph (8 km/h) | 71% | 0.256% | |
17:30 20:30 | Chance of light rain. Precipitation: 0.03 in (0.6875 mm). | 76°F (25°C) | 3 mph (5 km/h) | 93% | 0.257% | |
20:30 23:30 | Mostly cloudy. Precipitation: 0 in (0.125 mm). | 76°F (24°C) | 1 mph (2 km/h) | 95% | 0.259% |
Puthuppadi (latitude 11°30'N, longitude 075°58'E)
Puthuppadi - other nearby places: Kedavur (6 miles / 10 km away), Balusseri (10 miles / 16 km away), Naduvannur (14 miles / 22 km away), Kunnamangalam (14 miles / 22 km away), Māvūr (16 miles / 26 km away), Vazhakkad (17 miles / 28 km away), Olavanna (17 miles / 28 km away), Kuttiadi (18 miles / 29 km away), Panamaram (18 miles / 30 km away), Koyilāndi (19 miles / 30 km away), Kozhikkod (20 miles / 33 km away), Sargūr (45 miles / 73 km away), Heggadadevanakote (47 miles / 76 km away), Udagamandalam (49 miles / 79 km away), Vīrarājendrapet (49 miles / 80 km away), Azhikode South (50 miles / 80 km away), Azhikode North (51 miles / 82 km away), Pāppinisseri (52 miles / 84 km away), Hura (52 miles / 84 km away), Gundlupet (53 miles / 85 km away).
View weather forecasts for other places in India
Forecasts for Other Places:
Putlur
82°F ... 104°F (28°C ... 40°C)
Times of sun and clouds. Estimated precipitation: 0.3125 mm.
Puttapaka
77°F ... 97°F (25°C ... 36°C)
Chance of rain in the evening (between 5:30 pm and 8:30 pm). The precipitation may fall as scattered showers of varying intensity. Estimated precipitation: 3.9375 mm.
Puttūr
73°F ... 108°F (23°C ... 42°C)
More sun than clouds.
Puttūr
81°F ... 102°F (27°C ... 39°C)
More sun than clouds. Estimated precipitation: 0.3125 mm.
Puzhathi
77°F ... 102°F (25°C ... 39°C)
Considerable cloudiness. Estimated precipitation: 4.1875 mm.
Puzhithivakkam
84°F ... 91°F (29°C ... 33°C)
Times of sun and clouds. Estimated precipitation: 0.9375 mm.
Pynursla
66°F ... 86°F (19°C ... 30°C)
Mostly cloudy skies. Estimated precipitation: 2.1875 mm.
Qalam Abad
48°F ... 73°F (9°C ... 23°C)
Mostly sunny.
Qasba Lar
50°F ... 73°F (10°C ... 23°C)
Mostly sunny, with a few passing clouds.
Qādiān
81°F ... 109°F (27°C ... 43°C)
Sunny skies.