Insulin-Like Peptide 4

Expressed in fetal perichondrium, uterus, cytotrophoblasts, and syncytiotrophoblasts as a 139-aa 15-kDa precursor by human INSL4 Gene (Insulin Family), Insulin-Like Peptide 4 contains 6 consensus half-cystine residues essential for tertiary structure. The precursor undergoes cleavage to produce A/B/C chains that form tertiary structures of all three chains, or just A and B chains. With insulin-like effects in cell growth control that are not mediated by the INSR, INSL4 may play role in trophoblast development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and bone formation. Acting through membrane tyrosine kinase receptors, INSL growth factors are essential for regulation of energy metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation; intracellular signal transduction pathways invoke a chain of phosphorylation-related events. Chorionic gonadotropin production is increased by INSL4. (NCI Thesaurus)

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