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POLYSACCHARIDE
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
Any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
Synonyms:
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("polysaccharide" is a kind of...):
carbohydrate; saccharide; sugar (an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances; are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain)
Meronyms (substance of "polysaccharide"):
glucosamine (an amino derivative of glucose that is a component of many polysaccharides)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "polysaccharide"):
heparin; Lipo-Hepin; Liquaemin (a polysaccharide produced in basophils (especially in the lung and liver) and that inhibits the activity of thrombin in coagulation of the blood; it (trade names Lipo-Hepin and Liquaemin) is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis and in heart surgery)
chitin (a tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi)
cellulose (a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers)
animal starch; glycogen (one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body)
inulin (used to manufacture fructose and in assessing kidney function)
dextrin (any of various polysaccharides obtained by hydrolysis of starch; a tasteless and odorless gummy substance that is used as a thickening agent and in adhesives and in dietary supplements)
mucopolysaccharide (complex polysaccharides containing an amino group; occur chiefly as components of connective tissue)
amylum; starch (a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice; an important foodstuff and used otherwise especially in adhesives and as fillers and stiffeners for paper and textiles)
Context examples:
Medications are compounded with globular shaped sucrose, lactose, or other polysaccharides and dried before administered.
(Globule Unit, NCI Thesaurus)
This species is catalase and oxidase positive, non-hemolytic, produces a yellowish pigment, reduces both nitrate and nitrite, synthesizes polysaccharides, and produces acid from glucose, maltose, fructose, and sucrose, but not mannose or lactose.
(Neisseria mucosa, NCI Thesaurus)
Also called pellets or pilules, are made of pure sucrose, lactose, or other polysaccharides.
(Globule Dosage Form, NCI Thesaurus/CDISC)
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are linear polysaccharide chains consisting of repeating disaccharide units and form proteoglycans by covalently attaching to their core proteins.
(Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis Pathway - Chondroitin Sulfate, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)
Furthermore, the sugar group needs to be bonded to a non-sugar for the molecule to qualify as a glycoside, thus excluding the polysaccharides.
(Glycoside, NCI Thesaurus)
A low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) composed of a heterogeneous mixture of sulfated polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan chains obtained by depolymerisation of porcine mucosal sodium heparin, extraction/purification and conversion to the calcium salt.
(Nadroparin Calcium, NCI Thesaurus)
A polysaccharide vaccine used to prevent contraction of meningococcal meningitis.
(Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine MPSV4, NCI Thesaurus)
A conjugate vaccine of meningococcal polysaccharide used for active immunization against invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningiditis serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135.
(Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine MCV4, NCI Thesaurus)
Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides (GBEP) can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis and differentiation of tumor cells.
(Ginkgo, NCI Thesaurus)
This species is catalase and oxidase positive, non-hemolytic, pigmented, susceptible to colistin, produces polysaccharides from sucrose, and does not produce acid from glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, mannose or lactose.
(Neisseria flavescens, NCI Thesaurus)
