Library / English Dictionary

SURGERY

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 I. (noun) 

Sense 1

Meaning:

A medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body

Example:

he died while undergoing surgery

Synonyms:

operation; surgery; surgical operation; surgical procedure; surgical process

Classified under:

Nouns denoting acts or actions

Hypernyms ("surgery" is a kind of...):

medical procedure (a procedure employed by medical or dental practitioners)

Meronyms (parts of "surgery"):

haemostasia; haemostasis; hemostasia; hemostasis (surgical procedure of stopping the flow of blood (as with a hemostat))

suturing (surgical joining of two surfaces)

incision; section; surgical incision (the cutting of or into body tissues or organs (especially by a surgeon as part of an operation))

Domain category:

surgery (the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures)

Domain member category:

trepan (cut a hole with a trepan, as in surgery)

hypophysectomise; hypophysectomize (remove the pituitary glands)

ablate (remove an organ or bodily structure)

decorticate (remove the cortex of (an organ))

suction (empty or clean (a body cavity) by the force of suction)

freeze (anesthetize by cold)

Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "surgery"):

jejunostomy (surgical creation of an opening between the jejunum and the anterior abdominal wall; will allow artificial feeding)

major surgery (any surgical procedure that involves anesthesia or respiratory assistance)

microsurgery (surgery using operating microscopes and miniaturized precision instruments to perform intricate procedures on very small structures)

minor surgery (any surgical procedure that does not involve anesthesia or respiratory assistance)

myotomy (surgical incision or division of a muscle)

myringectomy (surgical removal of the eardrum)

myringoplasty (surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft)

myringotomy (surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear))

neurosurgery (any surgery that involves the nervous system (brain or spinal cord or peripheral nerves))

orchiopexy (operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum)

osteotomy (surgical sectioning of bone)

ostomy (surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening for the elimination of bodily wastes)

palatopharyngoplasty; PPP; UPPP; uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (surgical resection of unnecessary palatal and oropharyngeal tissue to open the airway; intended to cure extreme cases of snoring (with or without sleep apnea))

phlebectomy (surgical removal or all or part of a vein; sometimes done in cases of severe varicose veins)

photocoagulation (surgical procedure that uses an intense laser beam to destroy diseased retinal tissue or to make a scar that will hold the retina in cases of detached retina)

anaplasty; plastic surgery; reconstructive surgery (surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue)

polypectomy (surgical removal of a polyp)

resection (surgical removal of part of a structure or organ)

rhinotomy (surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the nose to drain accumulated pus)

rhizotomy (surgical procedure in which spinal nerve roots are cut; done (anterior roots) to relieve intractable pain or (posterior roots) to stop severe muscle spasms)

sex-change operation; transsexual surgery (surgical procedures and hormonal treatments designed to alter a person's sexual characteristics so that the resemble those of the opposite sex)

purse-string operation; Shirodkar's operation (a surgical procedure in which a suture is used to close the cervix in a pregnant woman; is performed when the cervix has failed to retain previous pregnancies)

sterilisation; sterilization (the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce))

strabotomy (the surgical operation of cutting a muscle or tendon of the eye in order to correct strabismus)

taxis (the surgical procedure of manually restoring a displaced body part)

tracheostomy; tracheotomy (a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes)

organ transplant; transplant; transplantation (an operation moving an organ from one organism (the donor) to another (the recipient))

trephination (an operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull)

tympanoplasty (surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear)

uranoplasty (surgical correction of a defect of the palate)

vasovasostomy (a surgical procedure that attempts to restore the function of the vas deferens after a vasectomy)

vivisection (the act of operating on living animals (especially in scientific research))

catheterisation; catheterization (the operation of introducing a catheter into the body)

ablation; cutting out; excision; extirpation (surgical removal of a body part or tissue)

amputation (a surgical removal of all or part of a limb)

angioplasty (an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery)

arthroplasty (surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint)

arthroscopy (a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision)

brain surgery (any surgical procedure involving the brain)

castration (surgical removal of the testes or ovaries (usually to inhibit hormone secretion in cases of breast cancer in women or prostate cancer in men))

cauterisation; cauterization; cautery (the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing)

chemosurgery (use of chemical to destroy diseased or malignant tissue; used in treatment of skin cancer)

craniotomy (a surgical opening through the skull)

cryosurgery (the use of extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy unwanted tissue (warts or cataracts or skin cancers))

curettage; curettement (surgery to remove tissue or growths from a bodily cavity (as the uterus) by scraping with a curette)

debridement (surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing)

decortication (removal of the outer covering of an organ or part)

D and C; dilatation and curettage; dilation and curettage (a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion)

electrosurgery (surgery performed with electrical devices (as in electrocautery))

enterostomy; enterotomy (surgical operation that creates a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the intestine)

enucleation (surgical removal of something without cutting into it)

wrong-site surgery (a surgical operation performed on the wrong part of the body)

evisceration (surgical removal of an organ (or the contents of an organ) from a patient)

exenteration (surgical removal of the organs within a body cavity (as those of the pelvis))

eye operation; eye surgery (any surgical procedure involving the eyes)

fenestration (surgical procedure that creates a new fenestra to the cochlea in order to restore hearing lost because of osteosclerosis)

gastrectomy (surgical removal of all or part of the stomach)

gastroenterostomy (surgical creation of an opening between the stomach wall and the small intestines; performed when the normal opening has been eliminated)

gastrostomy (surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach (as for gastrogavage))

heart surgery (any surgical procedure involving the heart)

haemorrhoidectomy; hemorrhoidectomy (surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them)

hysterotomy (surgical incision into the uterus (as in cesarean section))

implantation (a surgical procedure that places something in the human body)

intestinal bypass (surgical operation that shortens the small intestine; used in treating obesity)

Derivation:

surgical (relating to or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery especially as opposed to medicine)

Sense 2

Meaning:

A room in a hospital equipped for the performance of surgical operations

Example:

great care is taken to keep the operating rooms aseptic

Synonyms:

operating room; operating theater; operating theatre; OR; surgery

Classified under:

Nouns denoting man-made objects

Hypernyms ("surgery" is a kind of...):

hospital room (a room in a hospital for the care of patients)

Sense 3

Meaning:

A room where a doctor or dentist can be consulted

Example:

he read the warning in the doctor's surgery

Classified under:

Nouns denoting man-made objects

Hypernyms ("surgery" is a kind of...):

room (an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling)

Domain region:

Britain; Great Britain; U.K.; UK; United Kingdom; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; 'Great Britain' is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom)

Sense 4

Meaning:

The branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures

Example:

he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School

Classified under:

Nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents

Hypernyms ("surgery" is a kind of...):

medical science (the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease)

Domain member category:

maxillofacial (of or relating to the upper jaw and face (particularly with reference to specialized surgery of the maxilla))

decerebrate (remove the cerebrum from (a human body))

exenterate (remove the contents of (an organ))

enucleate (remove (a tumor or eye) from an enveloping sac or cover)

extirpate (surgically remove (an organ))

ligate (bind with a bandage or ligature)

phlebothrombosis; venous thrombosis (thrombosis of a vein without prior inflammation of the vein; associated with sluggish blood flow (as in prolonged bedrest or pregnancy or surgery) or with rapid coagulation of the blood)

amastia (absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect))

graft; transplant ((surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient)

stoma (a mouth or mouthlike opening (especially one created by surgery on the surface of the body to create an opening to an internal organ))

landmark (an anatomical structure used as a point of origin in locating other anatomical structures (as in surgery) or as point from which measurements can be taken)

drain (tube inserted into a body cavity (as during surgery) to remove unwanted material)

centesis ((surgery) the act of puncturing a body cavity or organ with a hollow needle in order to draw out fluid)

operation; surgery; surgical operation; surgical procedure; surgical process (a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body)

ligation ((surgery) tying a duct or blood vessel with a ligature (as to prevent bleeding during surgery))

Derivation:

surgical (relating to or requiring or amenable to treatment by surgery especially as opposed to medicine)

surgical (of or relating to or involving or used in surgery)

Credits

 Context examples: 

Researchers say the simple test for the neurodegenerative disease, which has been found to be more than 90 per cent accurate, could be available at GP surgeries “within a few years”.

(New Alzheimer’s Blood Test Could Detect Signs of Symptoms Decades Earlier, The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin)

Unfortunately, it’s difficult to directly stimulate this nerve without anesthetics and surgery.

(Electroacupuncture Reduces Sepsis in Mice, NIH)

The MMA mice also allowed them to study the response to liver-directed gene therapy and to compare the findings in patients after liver transplant surgery.

(Elevated hormone flags liver problems in mice with methylmalonic acidemia, National Institutes of Health)

Tiny surgical instruments are inserted through other openings to do the surgery.

(Minimally invasive surgery, NCI Dictionary)

After a diagnosis of breast cancer, many women have surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiation.

(Study Shows Chemotherapy Not Needed To Treat Many Breast Cancers, Carol Pearson/VOA)

The vast majority of cases recur if they are not treated with radical surgery.

(Adamantinoma of Long Bones, NCI Thesaurus)

A disorder characterized by progressive and life-threatening pulmonary distress in the absence of an underlying pulmonary condition, usually following major trauma or surgery.

(Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, NCI Thesaurus/CTCAE)

It uses medicine or surgery to remove the embryo or fetus and placenta from the uterus.

(Abortion, NIH)

It is also used with carboplatin to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer in patients who are not able to have surgery or radiation therapy.

(ABI-007, NCI Dictionary)

Surgery performed on any part of the abdominal region of the body.

(Abdominal Surgical Procedure, NCI Thesaurus)