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DNA
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I. (noun)
Sense 1
Meaning:
(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information
Example:
DNA is the king of molecules
Synonyms:
deoxyribonucleic acid; desoxyribonucleic acid; DNA
Classified under:
Hypernyms ("DNA" is a kind of...):
polymer (a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers)
Meronyms (parts of "DNA"):
nucleic acid ((biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells)
base pair (one of the pairs of chemical bases joined by hydrogen bonds that connect the complementary strands of a DNA molecule or of an RNA molecule that has two strands; the base pairs are adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA and adenine with uracil and guanine with cytosine in RNA)
cistron; factor; gene ((genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity)
Meronyms (substance of "DNA"):
C; cytosine (a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine)
A; adenine ((biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA)
G; guanine (a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine)
T; thymine (a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine)
Domain category:
biochemistry (the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry)
Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of "DNA"):
operon (a segment of DNA containing adjacent genes including structural genes and an operator gene and a regulatory gene)
cDNA; complementary DNA (single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase)
episome (DNA that is not incorporated into the genome but is replicated together with the genome (especially in bacterial cells))
coding DNA; exon (sequence of a gene's DNA that transcribes into protein structures)
intron; noncoding DNA (sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein)
junk DNA (stretches of DNA that do not code for genes)
recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid; recombinant DNA (genetically engineered DNA made by recombining fragments of DNA from different organisms)
sticky end (an end of DNA in which one strand of the double helix extends a few units beyond the other)
jumping gene; transposon (a segment of DNA that can become integrated at many different sites along a chromosome (especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole))
Context examples:
This protein plays a role in both B-cell functioning and DNA modification.
(Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase, NCI Thesaurus)
Any type of homology-dependent DNA strand exchange occuring during gametogenesis and involving synapsis of parental homologs, strand breakage and exchange of segments to yield unique combinations of genes in the gamete.
(Meiotic Recombination, NCI Thesaurus)
As a member of the family of compounds known as psoralens or furocoumarins, methoxsalen's exact mechanism of action is unknown; upon photoactivation, methoxsalen has been observed to bind covalently to and crosslink DNA.
(Methoxsalen, NCI Thesaurus)
After intratumoral injection, methotrexate binds to and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of purine nucleotide and thymidylate synthesis and, subsequently, inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses.
(Methotrexate-E Therapeutic Implant, NCI Thesaurus)
Methoxyamine covalently binds to apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) DNA damage sites and inhibits base excision repair (BER), which may result in an increase in DNA strand breaks and apoptosis.
(Methoxyamine, NCI Thesaurus)
It blocks the ability of a cell to repair damage to its DNA and may kill cancer cells.
(Methoxyamine hydrochloride, NCI Dictionary)
A histological procedure, which is used for localization of RNA and DNA.
(Methyl Green Pyronine Staining Method, NCI Thesaurus)
Methoxyamine covalently binds to apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA damage sites and thereby inhibits base excision repair (BER) process, which may prevent repair of DNA strand breaks and result in an induction of apoptosis.
(Methoxyamine hydrochloride, NCI Thesaurus)
Methotrexate binds to and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of purine nucleotide and thymidylate synthesis and, subsequently, inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses.
(Methotrexate, NCI Thesaurus)
Methotrexate stops cells from making DNA and may kill cancer cells.
(Methotrexate, NCI Dictionary)
